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A feeding tube is a small, soft, plastic tube placed through the nose (NG) or mouth (OG) into the stomach. These tubes are used to provide feedings and medications into the stomach until the baby can take food by mouth.

WHY IS A FEEDING TUBE USED?

Feeding from the breast or bottle requires strength and coordination. Sick or premature babies may not have the strength, development, or coordination to bottle or breastfeed. Tube (gavage) feedings allow the baby to get some or all of their feeding into the stomach, which is the most efficient and safest way to provide good nutrition. Oral medications can also be given through the tube.

HOW IS A FEEDING TUBE PLACED?

A feeding tube is gently placed through the nose or mouth into the stomach. It is usually taped in place. An x-ray can confirm correct placement. In babies with feeding problems, the tip of the tube may be placed past the stomach into the small intestine to provide slower, continuous feeds.

WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF A FEEDING TUBE?

Feeding tubes are generally very safe and effective. However, even if it is placed gently, a feeding tube can irritate the nose, mouth, or stomach and cause some (usually minor) bleeding. If placed in the nose, it may cause some nasal stuffiness and occasionally a nasal infection. If the tube gets misplaced and is not in the proper position, the baby may have problems with:

• An abnormally slow heart rate (bradycardia)
• Breathing
• Spitting up

Rarely, the feeding tube can puncture the stomach.

Gavage tube - infants; OG - infants; NG - infants

Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.