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The Heimlich maneuver is an emergency technique for preventing suffocation when a person's airway (windpipe) becomes blocked by a piece of food or other object.

See also:

• Choking (for conscious infant under 1 year)
• Choking (for conscious adult or child over 1 year)
• Choking (for unconscious adult or child over 1 year)
• Heimlich maneuver on self

The Heimlich maneuver can be used safely on both adults and children, but most experts do not recommend it for infants less than 1 year old. You can also perform the maneuver on yourself.

• For a conscious person who is sitting or standing, position yourself behind the person and reach your arms around his or her waist.
• Place your fist, thumb side in, just above the person's navel and grab the fist tightly with your other hand.
• Pull your fist abruptly upward and inward to increase airway pressure behind the obstructing object and force it from the windpipe.
• If the person is conscious and lying on his or her back, straddle the person facing the head. Push your grasped fist upward and inward in a maneuver similar to the one above.

You may need to repeat the procedure several times before the object is dislodged. If repeated attempts do not free the airway, an emergency cut in the windpipe (tracheostomy or cricothyrotomy) may be necessary.

Choking - Heimlich maneuver; Abdominal thrusts

Hirshon JM. Basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, eds. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2004:chap 12.

Updated by: Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, Clinic. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.